Everything about Citrus Production totally explained
Citrus fruits are the highest value fruit crop in terms of international trade. There are two main
markets for
citrus fruit:
- the fresh fruit market
- the processed citrus fruits market (mainly orange juice)
Most citrus production is accounted for by oranges, but significant quantities of grapefruits, pomeloes, lemons and limes are also grown.
History
While the origin of citrus fruits can't be precisely identified, researchers believe they began to appear in southeast Asia around 4000BC. From there, they slowly spread to northern
Africa, mainly through migration and trade. During the period of the
Roman Empire demand by higher-ranking members of society, along with increased trade, allowed the fruits to spread to southern Europe. Citrus fruits spread throughout Europe during the
Middle Ages, and were then brought to the Americas by Spanish explorers. Worldwide trade in citrus fruits didn't appear until the
1800s and trade in orange juice developed as late as
1940.
Volume
Total production and consumption of citrus fruit has grown strongly since the
1980s. Current annual worldwide citrus production is estimated at over 105 million
tons, with more than half of this being oranges. According to the
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the rise in citrus production is mainly due to the increase in
cultivation areas, improvements in transportation and packaging, rising incomes and
consumer preference for healthy foods.
This trend is projected to change from
2000 to
2010 since the high production levels have slowed the rate of new plantings.
China could be a major player in the orange juice and processed citrus markets, except for high tariffs on citrus that make domestic sale more profitable. Though citrus originated in southeast
Asia, current citrus production is low due to lower than average yields, high production and marketing costs and problems with disease.
Citrus production in most of
Europe continues to decline, although the
clementines produced by
Spain are increasing in popularity among consumers.
| Top Ten Producers of Citrus other than Grapefruit and Pomelos, Oranges, etc. — 2005 |
| Country |
Production (Int $1000) |
Footnote |
Production (MT) |
Footnote |
| |
1,167,400 |
C |
3,250,000 |
F |
| |
387,936 |
C |
1,135,000 |
F |
| |
75,432 |
C |
210,000 |
F |
| |
71,840 |
C |
200,000 |
F |
| |
64,656 |
C |
180,000 |
F |
| |
50,288 |
C |
140,000 |
F |
| |
46,696 |
C |
130,000 |
F |
| |
31,610 |
C |
88,000 |
F |
| |
30,532 |
C |
85,000 |
F |
| |
28,018 |
C |
78,000 |
F |
No symbol = official figure,F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure;
Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Devision
|
Oranges and orange juice
About a third of citrus fruit production goes for processing: more than 80% of this is for orange juice production. Demand for fresh and processed oranges continues to rise in excess of production, especially in developed countries.
The two main players are Florida in the United States and
São Paulo in Brazil. Production of orange juice between these two makes up roughly 85 percent of the world market. Brazil exports 99 percent of its production, while 90 percent of Florida’s production is consumed in the US.
Citrus canker affects all varieties of citrus trees, and recent outbreaks in
Australia,
Brazil and the
United States have slowed citrus production in parts of those countries.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Citrus Production'.
|
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